There are so many different types of bits available that it can quickly become overwhelming—especially if you’re unsure what your horse needs or what you’re looking for. In this post, we’ll cover the main types of bits, their parts, common uses, and best practices—including how to ensure a proper fit. It’s much less confusing once you know what to look for and understand how a bit actually works.
Types of Bits
Most bits are classified as either snaffle or shank. From there, the variations come from different parts and styles. Fortunately, telling the difference between a snaffle and a shank bit is actually quite simple: on a snaffle bit, the reins attach directly to the mouthpiece, while on a shank bit, they connect to the lower part of the shank.
Snaffle Bits
Snaffle bits have a 1:1 ratio, meaning the horse feels the same amount of pressure that the rider applies. They’re considered mild and are ideal for green or young horses, though they can be used at any stage of training. Snaffles are commonly used in English riding and are designed for two-handed use, which means they’re not typically suited for neck reining. Common types include the O-ring, Eggbutt, Full Cheek, and D-ring snaffles. Most snaffle mouthpieces are broken (jointed), and when the rider applies rein pressure, the bit puts pressure on the tongue and gums—but not on the roof of the mouth.
Shank Bits
Shank bits create leverage, meaning when you apply one pound of pressure, your horse may feel significantly more—often five to ten times as much—depending on the length of the shank. These bits can range from mild to severe based on the mouthpiece, shank length, and cheekpiece design. Generally, the more moving parts a bit has, the milder it will be. In contrast, a bit with no moving parts is typically designed for one-handed riding or neck reining. These are best suited for well-trained, responsive horses that don’t require much rein pressure. Mouthpieces vary widely, but if the bit has a port, it will also apply pressure to the roof of the horse’s mouth.
How should a bit fit?
To keep your horse comfortable, it’s important that the bit fits their mouth properly. At a glance, the bit should rest gently at the corners of the horse’s mouth without pulling or pinching. While a standard bit size is usually 5 inches, it’s best to measure your horse’s mouth to be sure. One simple method is to use a piece of string: place it in the horse’s mouth where the bit would go, then mark the edges and measure the distance between them.
There’s a lot of debate around how a bit should be adjusted on the headstall. Some people recommend adjusting it so there are one to two wrinkles at the corners of the horse’s mouth. Personally, I prefer no wrinkles at all—I want the bit to sit comfortably without creating tension or pressure in the corners.
Here’s why I feel that way: try putting your fingers in the corners of your own mouth and just resting them there. It’s comfortable—you’re aware of the pressure, but it doesn’t bother you. Now, pull up slightly, just enough to mimic the “wrinkles” some people aim for. Notice how much more uncomfortable and distracting that feels? There’s no relief from the pressure—it’s constant and irritating.
rollers, In-Lays, and More
If your bit has copper inlays, it’s designed to encourage salivation, which helps keep your horse’s mouth moist and protected. I also like bits made of sweet iron, which promotes salivation and—just as the name suggests—has a slightly sweet taste. Bits with rollers give horses something to play with in their mouths, as they can roll the rollers with their tongues. Some horses really enjoy this feature.
Chin Curbs
Curb straps are typically used with shank bits and add an extra point of pressure on the horse’s chin. When the rider pulls back on the reins, the horse feels pressure on the poll, mouth, and chin. These straps come in leather or chain, with chains being the more severe option. I recommend using a leather curb strap for greater comfort. Make sure you can fit at least a finger’s width between the strap and your horse’s chin to ensure proper fit.
What to do if your horse isn’t responding to a bit
Some horse people might tell you to “move up” to a bigger bit—but trust me, that’s not the right solution. It’s like putting a band-aid on a wound without actually treating the problem, and eventually, things will only get worse. Instead, it’s important to go back to basics and address your horse’s behavior or have their teeth checked. Horses should have their teeth floated at least once a year by a professional equine dentist or veterinarian. Dental pain can cause discomfort that leads to problems with the bit.
Are Bits Cruel?
The answer is no—but like any piece of equipment, bits can be misused and become quite cruel. It all depends on who is using them. If you’re working on being light with your horse and teaching them to respond to even the softest cues, then the type of bit matters less—you’re doing a good job.
However, if your horse isn’t stopping, is acting up, or tossing their head, and you’re not focusing on developing that lightness, then moving beyond a snaffle bit isn’t the right step. In that case, you’ll want to go back to basics or seek guidance from a trainer.
Purpose of Bits
Bits should never be used simply as a way to “control” your horse. If that’s the case, it usually means there are underlying issues that need to be addressed. While it’s true that you need to be able to manage your horse in dangerous situations, this relies heavily on proper training, using tools like the one-rein stop, and building rider confidence.
Bits are tools used to communicate with your horse—whether to stop, slow down, turn, or back up. Along with your seat, legs, and voice, bits help signal what you’re asking. If your horse doesn’t respond to a cue, it’s important to reinforce that through consistent training so they clearly understand what you want.
If fear is the issue—such as a horse that is calm at home but spooks or loses focus away from familiar surroundings—then the situation and your approach need to be reassessed. Gradually build your horse’s confidence with groundwork and controlled exposure to new environments. Moving their feet and engaging in focused exercises can help shift their attention back to you.
Conclusion
I hope this helps you understand bits better and realize that good training matters more than finding the “perfect” bit. I always try to choose what will be most comfortable for my horse. If you need extra guidance, I highly recommend checking out to Myler Bits. They offer a helpful questionnaire to guide you toward the right bit for your horse, and they’ll even talk with you over the phone. I’ve used their products myself and can’t say enough good things about the quality and support they provide.
Fantastic and so informative!